Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"Surviving Apprendi: A Procedural Ideal Meets the Real World of Determinate Sentencing," Teresa L. Sittenauer, 72 J.K.B.A. No. 1, 44 (2003).

Attorney General's Opinions:

DUI; place of incarceration for third or subsequent offense; penalties. 94-43.

DUI; penalties; sentencing guidelines; grid for nondrug crimes; presumptive disposition; term of imprisonment. 94-161.

DUI; eligibility for good time credit on third or subsequent conviction. 95-41.

Inmates serving sentence for third or subsequent conviction of domestic battery. 96-59.

Juvenile intake process, use of POSIT questionnaire. 2001-53.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Whether juvenile adjudication can be used to enhance severity level of theft conviction examined. In re J.E.M., 20 Kan. App. 2d 596, 599, 890 P.2d 364 (1995).

2. Whether imposing imprisonment for presumed nonprison felony defendant committed on probation for felony constitutes departure examined. State v. Dillard, Kan. App. 2d 660, 661, 890 P.2d 1248 (1995).

3. Whether inmate's most recent conviction event serves as controlling offense for retroactive sentence conversion examined. State v. Geis, 20 Kan. App. 2d 778, 788, 894 P.2d 213 (1995).

4. Whether sentencing judge has discretion to impose concurrent or consecutive sentences in multiple conviction cases examined. State v. Peal, 20 Kan. App. 2d 816, 819, 893 P.2d 258 (1995).

5. Whether substantial and compelling reasons existed for departure from presumptive sentence examined. State v. Richardson, 20 Kan. App. 2d 932, 934, 901 P.2d 1 (1995).

6. Conversion of defendant's sentence to imprisonment instead of probation for offenses committed on parole constitutes dispositional departure. State v. Trimble, 21 Kan. App. 2d 32, 34, 894 P.2d 920 (1995).

7. Mitigating factors sufficient to justify downward departure for involuntary manslaughter conviction. State v. Heath, 21 Kan. App. 2d 410, 414, 901 P.2d 29 (1995).

8. Trial court did not err in considering prior conviction for criminal history purposes. State v. Chronister, 21 Kan. App. 2d 589, 596, 903 P.2d 1345 (1995).

9. Juvenile adjudications may be considered in calculating offender's criminal history. State v. LaMunyon, 259 Kan. 54, 59, 911 P.2d 151 (1996).

10. Defendant's plea for multiple offenses in separate case on same day may be used for KSGA (K.S.A. 21-4701 et seq.) criminal history. State v. Roderick, 259 Kan. 107, 113, 911 P.2d 159 (1996).

11. Convictions of nonprimary crimes must be considered part of criminal history for primary crime under 1993 KSGA. State v. Riley, 259 Kan. 774, 779, 915 P.2d 774 (1996).

12. An inmate's time on parole cannot be used to satisfy converted KSGA postrelease supervision period. Faulkner v. State, 22 Kan. App. 2d 80, 82, 911 P.2d 203 (1996).

13. Multiple counts from more than one information are included in subsection (b) multiple conviction cases. State v. Fields, 22 Kan. App. 2d 148, 149, 912 P.2d 774 (1996).

14. Juvenile adjudication may be used in determining criminal history score for sentencing of adult under KSGA (K.S.A. 21-4701 et seq.). State v. Lanning, 260 Kan. 815, 819, 925 P.2d 1145 (1996).

15. Specific inclusion of juvenile offender in section precludes application thereto by pre-1996 aggravated escape from custody section (K.S.A. 21-3810). State v. Clint L., 262 Kan. 174, 178, 936 P.2d 235 (1997).

16. Departure sentence justified where defendant committed crimes while on supervised parole and lied on court affidavits. State v. Mitchell, 262 Kan. 434, 445, 939 P.2d 879 (1997).

17. Effect of consolidating complaints and meaning of prior convictions for sentencing guideline criminal history purposes examined. State v. Taylor, 262 Kan. 471, 477, 939 P.2d 904 (1997).

18. Prior version of subsection (c) considered in examining sentencing in multiple conviction cases under K.S.A. 21-4720(b). State v. Christensen, 23 Kan. App. 2d 910, 917, 937 P.2d 1239 (1997).

19. Trial court conversion of sentence of defendant sentenced to county jail constituted reversible error. State v. Sisk, 266 Kan. 41, 44, 966 P.2d 671 (1998).

20. Trial court calculation of criminal history score and sentence upheld. State v. Patry, 266 Kan. 108, 110, 867 P.2d 737 (1998).

21. Denying retroactive application of postrelease revocation provisions to inmates convicted before KSGA (K.S.A. 21-4701 et seq.) does not violate equal protection. Fanning v. State, 25 Kan. App. 2d 469, 470, 967 P.2d 1083 (1998).

22. Cited in discussing sentencing; no credit against postrelease supervision for time served in excess of sentence. State v. Gaudina, 284 Kan. 354, 360, 362, 160 P.3d 854 (2007).

23. Cited in opinion holding that juveniles have a constitutional right to jury trials. In re L.M., 286 Kan. 460, 468, 186 P.3d 164 (2008).

24. Cited; court upholds consecutive sentences for longest prison term in sentencing presumptive grid block; sentence cannot be appealed. State v. Johnson, 286 Kan. 824, 841, 190 P.3d 207 (2008).

25. Cited; mandatory imprisonment for sex crime, mitigating circumstances insufficient for downward departure sentence. State v. Ortega-Cadelan, 287 Kan. 157, 163, 194 P.3d 1195 (2008).

26. Denial of downward departure sentence upheld; principles relating to cruel or unusual punishment discussed. State v. Thomas, 288 Kan. 157, 199 P.3d 1265 (2009).

27. Allowed a dispositional departure and granted probation. State v. Gracey, 288 Kan. 252, 200 P.3d 1275 (2009).

28. Term of imprisonment drawn from erroneously classified grid box not deemed a "presumptive sentence"; appellate review allowed. State v. Fischer, 288 Kan. 470, 203 P.3d 1269 (2009).

29. State argued appellate court without jurisdiction to consider appeal of denial of departure sentence. State v. Easterling, 289 Kan. 470, 213 P.3d 418 (2009).

30. Sentences that fall within the sentencing grid are "presumptive" sentences and not subject to appeal. State v. Andelt, 289 Kan. 763, 217 P.3d 976 (2009).

31. "Prior conviction event" and "within a single count" in K.S.A. 21-4642 construed and applied. State v. Trautloff, 289 Kan. 793, 217 P.3d 15 (2009).

32. District court's denial of a downward dispositional departure to probation and imposition of lifetime supervision upheld. State v. Ballard, 289 Kan. 1000, 218 P.3d 432 (2009).

33. Mandatory lifetime post release supervision imposed under K.S.A. 22-3717(d)(1)(G) is not within the presumptive sentence defined in K.S.A. 21-4703(q). State v. Williams, 298 Kan. 1075, 319 P.3d 528 (2014).

34. When a defendant is sentenced to any term within the presumptive grid block for such defendant's convictions, the appellate court lacks jurisdiction to review that sentence. Harms v. Cline, 27 F. Supp. 3d 1173, 1182 (2014).