Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"Putting an End to the Imposition of Death by Misperception and Misunderstanding: Simmons v. South Carolina," Janie Clark, 43 K.L.R. 1147, 1166 (1995).

"Apprendi v. New Jersey: Protecting the Constitutional Rights of Criminals in Sentencing," Stephanie B. Stewart, 49 K.L.R. 1193 (2001).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases," 50 K.L.R. 901 (2002).

"Surviving Apprendi: A Procedural Ideal Meets the Real World of Determinate Sentencing," Teresa L. Sittenauer, 72 J.K.B.A. No. 1, 44 (2003).

"Criminal Procedure Survey of Recent Cases," Matt Corbin, Editor, 51 K.L.R. 659, 716, 747 (2003).

"It Can Happen in an Instant: Rethinking Pattern Instructions for Kansas on Premeditated Murder," Saraliene S. Smith, 16 Kan. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y, No. 1, 1 (2006).

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Aggravating factor of multiple murders may be used in imposing hard 40 sentences for two offenses and imposing consecutive sentences. State v. Jamison, 269 Kan. 564, 7 P.3d 1204 (2000).

2. Sufficient evidence to support hard 40 sentence. State v. Saiz, 269 Kan. 657, 7 P.3d 1214 (2000).

3. No error in imposing hard 40 sentence; maximum sentence under K.S.A. 21-4706 is not increased as hard 40 sentence limits lower, not upper end of sentence; no constitutional violations. State v. Conley, 270 Kan. 18, 11 P.3d 1147 (2000).

4. Conviction of first-degree premeditated murder and imposition of hard 40 sentence affirmed. State v. Albright, 271 Kan. 546, 24 P.3d 103 (2001).

5. Hard 40 year sentence affirmed for first degree murder; victim was in extreme fear, had conscious physical pain as well as mental anguish. State v. Lessley, 271 Kan. 780, 26 P.3d 620 (2001).

6. Conviction of capital murder and imposition of hard 40 sentence affirmed. State v. Deiterman, 271 Kan. 975, 29 P.3d 411 (2001).

7. Premeditated murder conviction affirmed; imposition of hard 40 sentence not violation of federal or state constitutions. State v. Sanders, 272 Kan. 445, 33 P.3d 596 (2001).

8. Hard 50 sentence is constitutional and affirmed; evidence sufficient to uphold conviction for first-degree premeditated murder. State v. Wilkerson, 278 Kan. 147, 91 P.3d 1181 (2004).

9. Mentioned. State v. Baker, 281 Kan. 997, 1018, 135 P.3d 1098 (2006).

10. Imposition of hard 40 sentence does not violate federal or Kansas constitutional rights. State v. Albright, 283 Kan. 418, 423, 153 P.3d 497 (2007).

11. Cited; weighing of aggravating and mitigating circumstances discussed and applied. State v. Warledo, 286 Kan. 927, 952, 955, 190 P.3d 937 (2008).